not prescriptively about his seed. Abraham’s descendants are circumcised as a seal of the covenant God made with Abraham, not because they themselves have faith.’21 So Salter presents us with two key issues to address: (1) What did circumcision mean for Abraham and his children? (2) What light does this shed on the relationship between the physical and the spiritual aspects of the Abrahamic covenant? These questions are very closely connected, and their answers overlap. I outline my responses by